Last Updated: 06.02.22. Compiled by Sakhi from various sources, including the CDC.
Gender justice
“Gender Justice is a movement to end patriarchy, transphobia, and homophobia and to create a world free from misogyny.” – from Third Wave Fund
Gender-based Violence (GBV)
Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one person to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate person. Anyone can be a survivor of violence, regardless of their identity.
There are several types of GBV, which is an umbrella term for various forms of interpersonal violence. In particular, the term “domestic violence,” although still relevant, has gained counterparts within the gender justice movement. Terms such as intimate partner violence, gender-based violence, sexual violence—among others, are essential to addressing violence in its many forms.
GBV can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone.
GBV can look like:
- Physical violence: when a person hurts or tries to hurt a partner by hitting, kicking, or using another type of physical force.
- Sexual violence: forcing or attempting to force a person to take part in a sex act, sexual touching, or a non-physical sexual event (e.g., sexting) when the partner does not or cannot consent.
- Stalking: a pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact by a partner that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone close to the victim.
- Financial abuse: Financial abuse can take many forms, including controlling a survivor’s financial resources, income, work hours etc. 99% of domestic violence survivors experience financial abuse. Financial insecurity is one of the major reasons survivors of domestic violence stay or return to their abusers. On average it takes a survivor 7 attempts to permanently leave an abusive situation.
- Psychological aggression: is the use of verbal and non-verbal communication with the intent to harm another person mentally or emotionally and/or to exert control over another person.
- Forced Marriage: Forced marriage refers to a marriage in which at least one person did not consent to the union. Tactics such as fear, guilt, fraud, or shaming are often used to coerce a person into marriage.
- Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination. It is covered by federal, state, and local laws. Quid pro quo harassment generally refers to situations in which an employer or supervisor has offered to trade an employment benefit for a sexual favor. A hostile work environment refers to sexual or gender-based harassment that can create an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment, or interfere with one’s job performance.
Intimate Partner Violence
Per the CDC: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship. “Intimate partner” refers to both current and former spouses and dating partners. IPV can vary in how often it happens and how severe it is. It can range from one episode of violence that could have lasting impact to chronic and severe episodes over multiple years.
Physical Violence
Stalking is a pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact by a partner that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone close to the victim.
Sexual violence
Forcing or attempting to force a partner to take part in a sex act, sexual touching, or a non-physical sexual event (e.g., sexting) when the partner does not or cannot consent.
Community violence
Happens between unrelated individuals, who may or may not know each other, generally outside the home. Examples include assaults or fights among groups, acts of terrorism, such as shootings in public places.
Stalking
A pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact by a partner that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone close to the victim.
Psychological / Emotional Abuse
The use of verbal and non-verbal communication with the intent to harm another partner mentally or emotionally and/or to exert control over another partner.
Teen dating violence (TDV)
Also known as “dating violence.” An adverse childhood experience that affects millions of young people in the United States. Dating violence can take place in person, online, or through technology. It is a type of intimate partner violence that can include the following types of behavior:
Child Sexual Abuse
Child sexual abuse is a significant public health problem and an adverse childhood experience (ACE). Child sexual abuse refers to the involvement of a child (person less than 18 years old) in sexual activity that violates the laws or social taboos of society and that he/she:
- does not fully comprehend
- does not consent to or is unable to give informed consent to, or
- is not developmentally prepared for and cannot give consent to
Forced Marriage
A forced marriage means that one or both parties don’t or can’t consent.
A forced marriage also involves pressure, which is used to coerce one or both parties to marry. Pressure can be physical, psychological, financial, sexual or emotional.
Arranged Marriage
An arranged marriage maintains the consent of both parties.
The family takes the lead to find a marriage partner for their child. Both parties are free to choose whether they enter into that marriage.
Mandated Reporting
All social service workers are mandatory reporters, and as such, are required to report suspected child abuse or maltreatment when, in their professional capacity, are presented with reasonable cause to suspect child abuse or maltreatment.
All members of the Sakhi for South Asian Women team, including interns, are mandated reporters. Therefore, in their professional capacity, if they are presented with reasonable cause to suspect child abuse or neglect/maltreatment, they are mandated to contact the Administration for Children’s Services to make a report.
Child Abuse
Child Abuse is defined as “A child whose parent or other person legally responsible for his/her care inflicts upon the child serious physical injury, creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury, or commits an act of sex abuse against the child. ” (Office of Children and Family Services, 2021)
Child Maltreatment
Child Maltreatment is defined as “when a parent or other person legally responsible for the care of a child harms a child, or places a child in imminent danger of harm by failing to exercise the minimum degree of care in providing the child with any of the following: food, clothing, shelter, education or medical care when financially able to do so.” ((Office of Children and Family Services, 2021)
Neglect
Neglect is the failure to meet a dependent’s basic physical and emotional needs. These needs include housing, food, clothing, mobility, access to medical care, and having feelings validated and appropriately responded to.
Safety Planning
Safety planning is an important tool for folks who are experiencing or suspecting harm.
Safety planning is used to: create a detailed plan in case dangerous situations arise, even if you do not feel at risk in the current moment; identify safe friends and safe places; identify the essential items to have on hand or to take should one need or decide to leave home.
Elder Abuse
Elder abuse is an intentional act or failure to act that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult. The abuse occurs at the hands of a caregiver or a person the elder trusts. Common types of elder abuse include:
- Physical abuse – when an elder experiences illness, pain, injury, functional impairment, distress, or death as a result of the intentional use of physical force and includes acts such as hitting, kicking, pushing, slapping, and burning.
- Sexual abuse – involves forced or unwanted sexual interaction of any kind with an older adult. This may include unwanted sexual contact or penetration or non-contact acts such as sexual harassment.
- Emotional or Psychological Abuse – refers to verbal or nonverbal behaviors that inflict anguish, mental pain, fear, or distress on an older adult. Examples include humiliation or disrespect, verbal and non-verbal threats, harassment, and geographic or interpersonal isolation.
- Neglect – the failure to meet an older adult’s basic needs. These needs include food, water, shelter, clothing, hygiene, and essential medical care.
- Financial Abuse – the illegal, unauthorized, or improper use of an elder’s money, benefits, belongings, property, or assets for the benefit of someone other than the older adult.